L earning Objective 9

9. Define and give some examples of the major fruit types, fleshy and dry, and their subtypes.

I. Fruits are either dry or fleshy at maturity. Maturity of fruit is determined by when the seed is viable (can germinate).

II. TYPES OF FLESHY FRUITS.

'Ohelo

A. Berry is a fleshy fruit with more than one seed. Blueberry and 'Ohelo (Hawaiian cranberry, Vaccinium reticulatum) are examples.

 

Mokihana

B. Hesperidium is a type of berry with leathery skin, or rind, with distinct inner divisions i.e. orange, lemon, and natives such as mokihana (Pelea anisata) and alani (<(Pelea spp.).)

 

Maile

C. Drupe is a single-seeded fruit with a hard "stone" around the seed. Peach, olive, coconut, olopua (Nestegia sandwicensis) and maile (Alyxia oliviformis) are examples.

 

Pineapple

D. Multiple describes a fruit in which many flowers fuse together to form complex which appears to be one fruit: pineapple, noni (Morinda citrifolia) and hala. (Pandanus tectorius).  are examples.

III. TYPES OF DRY FRUIT (at maturity).

A. Follicle is characterized by single split along one side: plumeria (Plumeria spp.) and stephanotis (Stephanotis floribunda).

B. A Legume contains two splits along seams at maturity. They are found in one family, the Fabaceae, or bean family).

Examples: green bean, koa haole (Leucaena leucocephala), koa (Acacia koa) and Royal Poinciana (Delonix regia).

C. A Capsule splits along 3 or more seams at maturity.

The autograph tree (Clusia rosea) and Philippine ground orchid (Spathoglottis plicata), an introduction by H. Lyon in 1920's.

D. Grains are single-seeded and do not split. Wheat, rice, and oats are examples.

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